Filesystem¶
Disk usage¶
df - filesystem usage¶
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 231G 73G 147G 34% /
udev 1.9G 4.0K 1.9G 1% /dev
tmpfs 389M 972K 388M 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 1.9G 30M 1.9G 2% /run/shm
df - inode usage¶
$ df -hi
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 15M 2.6M 13M 18% /
none 486K 2 486K 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev 483K 564 483K 1% /dev
tmpfs 486K 594 485K 1% /run
none 486K 3 486K 1% /run/lock
none 486K 4 486K 1% /run/shm
none 486K 22 486K 1% /run/user
Partitions¶
fdisk - list mounted partitions¶
$ fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 256.1 GB, 256060514304 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 31130 cylinders, total 500118192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000681e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 491870207 245934080 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 491872254 500117503 4122625 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 491872256 500117503 4122624 82 Linux swap / Solaris
lsblk - list mounted partitions¶
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 238.5G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 234.6G 0 part /
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
parted - resize a partition¶
See Using Parted.
$ parted [VOLUME]
(parted) select /dev/sda
(parted) unit GB
(parted) print
Model: ATA MTFDDAK256MAM-1K (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 256GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.00GB 252GB 252GB primary ext4 boot
2 252GB 256GB 4.22GB extended
5 252GB 256GB 4.22GB logical linux-swap(v1)
(parted) resize 5
Start? [252GB]? 252
End? [256GB]? 256
Disk maintenance¶
See:
- Ext4 (and Ext2/Ext3) Wiki
- How long does badblocks take on a 1TB drive?
- Badblocks (Arch Wiki)
- How To Resize ext3 Partitions Without Losing Data
- Resize2fs
e2fsck error checking - manual approval¶
$ e2fsck /dev/sda2
e2fsck 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
/dev/sda2 contains a file system with errors, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Inode 7484927 has imagic flag set. Clear<y>? yes
Inode 7484927 has compression flag set on filesystem without compression support. Clear<y>? yes
Inode 7484927 has INDEX_FL flag set but is not a directory.
Clear HTree index<y>? yes
[...]
/dev/sda2: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/sda2: 3782336/54214656 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 86369865/216833920 blocks
root@aaron:~# e2fsck -p /dev/sda2
/dev/sda2: clean, 3782336/54214656 files, 86369865/216833920 blocks
e2fsck error checking - auto approval¶
$ e2fsck -y /dev/sda2
/dev/sda2: clean, 3782336/54214656 files, 86369865/216833920 blocks
forced inode auto check & optimization¶
$ e2fsck -p -f -D /dev/sda2
/dev/sda2: 3782336/54214656 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 86367938/216833920 blocks