Filesystem¶

Disk usage¶

df - filesystem usage¶

$ df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1       231G   73G  147G  34% /
udev            1.9G  4.0K  1.9G   1% /dev
tmpfs           389M  972K  388M   1% /run
none            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none            1.9G   30M  1.9G   2% /run/shm

df - inode usage¶

$ df -hi

Filesystem     Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda1         15M  2.6M   13M   18% /
none             486K     2  486K    1% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev             483K   564  483K    1% /dev
tmpfs            486K   594  485K    1% /run
none             486K     3  486K    1% /run/lock
none             486K     4  486K    1% /run/shm
none             486K    22  486K    1% /run/user

Partitions¶

fdisk - list mounted partitions¶

$ fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 256.1 GB, 256060514304 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 31130 cylinders, total 500118192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000681e1
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048   491870207   245934080   83  Linux
/dev/sda2       491872254   500117503     4122625    5  Extended
/dev/sda5       491872256   500117503     4122624   82  Linux swap / Solaris

lsblk - list mounted partitions¶

$ lsblk

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 238.5G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0 234.6G  0 part /
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part
└─sda5   8:5    0     4G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

parted - resize a partition¶

See Using Parted.

$ parted [VOLUME]

(parted) select /dev/sda
(parted) unit GB
(parted) print
Model: ATA MTFDDAK256MAM-1K (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 256GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number  Start   End    Size    Type      File system     Flags
 1      0.00GB  252GB  252GB   primary   ext4            boot
 2      252GB   256GB  4.22GB  extended
 5      252GB   256GB  4.22GB  logical   linux-swap(v1)
(parted) resize 5
Start?  [252GB]? 252
End?  [256GB]? 256

Disk maintenance¶

See:

e2fsck error checking - manual approval¶

$ e2fsck /dev/sda2

e2fsck 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
/dev/sda2 contains a file system with errors, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Inode 7484927 has imagic flag set.  Clear<y>? yes
Inode 7484927 has compression flag set on filesystem without compression support.  Clear<y>? yes
Inode 7484927 has INDEX_FL flag set but is not a directory.
Clear HTree index<y>? yes
[...]
/dev/sda2: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/sda2: 3782336/54214656 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 86369865/216833920 blocks
root@aaron:~# e2fsck -p /dev/sda2
/dev/sda2: clean, 3782336/54214656 files, 86369865/216833920 blocks

e2fsck error checking - auto approval¶

$ e2fsck -y /dev/sda2
/dev/sda2: clean, 3782336/54214656 files, 86369865/216833920 blocks

forced inode auto check & optimization¶

$ e2fsck -p -f -D /dev/sda2
/dev/sda2: 3782336/54214656 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 86367938/216833920 blocks